United Kingdom in the 18th century drama of ethics observed _ flower Moon House

�� Summary �� 18th century drama set in United Kingdom on people and society, and people, between man and nature, established the typical bourgeois drama ethics, mercantilism economic ethics, ethical egoism of life, the natural moral sentimentalism. These quite modern awareness of the ethical dimension, driven by the wheels of capitalism, and consolidates the new era of human relationships, leading to a future eco-socialism. �� Words�� 18 century United Kingdom Theatre ethics Ethical Examination of Title: 18th Century English Drama Abstract: 18th century English dramas concentrate onrelationships between man and society, between man and his fellowbeings, and between man and nature. The dramatic practice in the18th century has established the ethics for typical bourgeoisdrama, namely, mercantile economy ethics, egotistic life ethics andsentimental natural ethics. These ethics which have embodied modernconsciousness have accelerated the development of capitalism andregulated the interpersonal relationships of the new times, andwill lead to future ecological socialism. Key words: 18th century English drama ethics����Author:Jian Changhuai is professor at the Department ofChinese, Jimei University��Xiamen 361021, China��. His researcharea is European literature.Email jianchh1951@tom.com 18th century United Kingdom molodezhnaya, classic comedy, comedy, comedy, customs, a sentimental one after another, Ambrose �� Phillips (1674-1749), Addison (1672-1719), James �� Thomson (1700-1748), George �� Li Luo (1691-1739), Koli? Sibley (1671-1757), Richard �� Stieltjes (1672-1729), Hugh? Kelly (1739-1777), Richard �� Cumberland (1732-1811), fielding (1707-1754), Oliver �� brother Gerald Smith (1730-1774), Richard �� brons lane �� Sheridan (1751-1816), and other writers, stars twinkling of Britain have colorful decoration of the stage. At the same time, in the West, the industrial revolution, England wind their pan-European enlightenment. All this, the United Kingdom in the 18th century drama of ethical dimensions of the important transition. On the one hand, traditional ethics guidelines clearly cannot adapt to the development of capitalism needs; on the other hand, the emerging bourgeoisie is in urgent need of establishing their own social and ethical and moral norms. To do this, they rely on Puritanism of artistic ethics, first stage launched a moral cleansing campaign, which focuses on people and society, and people, between man and nature, initially established a relationship with a typically bourgeois character of the United Kingdom Theatre ethics. I. mercantilism economic ethics established mercantilism economic ethics, is 18th century United Kingdom play its historic mission. Mercantilism beyond the traditional teachings of the philosophical and ethical norms, in turn, with secular perspective based on the experience of commercial capitalists to observe and describe the socio-economic phenomena. Mercantilism that gold and silver or currency is the only form of wealth, of all economic activities are designed to get the gold and silver. However, the amount of gold mining in Western Europe, the serious lack of funds, foreign trade is the main source of monetary wealth. Conform to mercantilism in economic law, the United Kingdom in the 18th century playwright who are in the play, demonstrated the desire for the venture. In their writings, those produced by eating Cho, those who earn money by gentry, small businesses are insufficient to promote the wheel of capitalism; only those positive action, seeking overseas development, determined to seize the middle class in the world market, are eligible for the author of voicing for age legislation. Such a description, so that several generations United Kingdom people overseas "gold rush" of fantasy, of a kind of virtual existence. In the early 18th century, the United Kingdom classical comedy has diminished, sentimental comedy came into being, which Stieltjes-is a past and a writer, his lover of the consciousness (1722) will create the Sibley sentimentalism comedy to a mature. The play depicts young bayville London aristocrats he came prepared with married Lucinda? West Rand to wife, but his hope and separated women Iowa for families. To find out what the Berville and Iowa, Lucinda's father West Rand, visit Iowa. The latter told Mr. West Rand, myself with her mother and aunt to Indies and inWhere the business of his father on his way to the Danfoss reunion meet the pirates, and unaccompanied, West Rand known in Iowa is his lost years of her daughter. He was in the West Indies business difficulties, only to return to the United Kingdom is today. Finally, Mr. West Rand decides to marry the Iowa to bayville. This opera performances in a sensation at the time, and let the audience have endless imagination and not play turn love entanglement, but West Rand, on the stage as the new rise of the middle class represents the London merchant sing hymn, "our business is a gentleman, appears only in the last century. We are honest, and you have a property of a gentleman to play our role "(he Qi Xin 275). Stieltjes-creative theatrical circles in the United Kingdom the first generation. Starting from him, the traditional urban aristocracy and gentry drift to the edge of the stage, and a number of new merchants are increasingly transnational bourgeoisie occupies the Centre of theatrical circles. In brother Gerald Smith's writings, the good-natured person (1768), the hero Hannibal Ukrainian charitable giving, as this runs out of his own property, creditors, fair-weather friends and several drunkard surrounded his servant, and his uncle William? Hannibal Umm Baron keen to rush in overseas and thus have strong financial resources to help revive family, and his nephew that he married Miss Lebanon Herat Yaxchilan as wives, "compromise" (1773) nayville Uncle has served as a Director of the East India Company, can leave niece large fortune and jewellery. In the Sheridan's the school for scandal (1777), sofus family of Joseph to people on both sides of the third knife, "cunning, selfish and evil", is a "people," rogue "with moral (brother Gerald Smith, 90); his brother Charles because of poor money management and spend, loan-sharking capital under liabilities of plunder and thousands of pounds, it is not a social pillar. Only their uncle olifu drive, emulated the proud times. Olifu youth have dissolute, Maverick, however, his perseverance, enthusiasm for overseas adventure, even for life not marrying, India battles alone for 16 years, finally takes a huge amount of wealth. In the play, olifu responded to the call of the new era, disdain to live and work in the traditional ethics, decided to leave their homes, to the East of the unknown world of adventure, the result will desire into a lucrative property, become more productive than ever before. It was his outbreak magically changed the fate of Charles to tie the knot with Mary Blair. Olifu story to eating the ancestral seat of traditional ethics sounded the alarm bell of awaken, as the British Empire in the outward expansion of the covered with beautiful legend coat. Throughout the United Kingdom in the 18th century theatrical circles, we can see its plays various, diverse subject matter; but its to ocean passion set in stone, rich theme Pak sung at great length. It and this phase of the United Kingdom's fiction writing chimed in, through overseas trade to a modern myth overnight, so that the business idea of enriching the literature of the territory, the overflow of diffusion to the social and cultural circles. It promotes business to become an axiom of utilitarianism, and the induction of the public interested in overseas plundered moral orientation, the image and interpretation of mercantilism in business ethics. Second, the egoism of life ethics scientific revolution of the 18th century brought a human subject position, sullen modern philosophy towards a people-centric subjects. In the Hall wearing Mau of Western ethics book pointed out: "characteristics of modern United Kingdom ethics is ethically confirm the interest of individual experience to meet your own needs, and therefore towards ethical egoism" (138). At this point, some ethicists is committed to providing a separate experience individual rehabilitation from a moral, that is, the experience of the individual as a demonstration of the moral autonomy of the subject. "The moral doctrine from Locke to people's understanding of the situation, the person as a perceptual existence that human nature is always escape the physical and mental suffering of things ... The pursuit of personal greatest happiness "(Dai Mau Church 139). Therefore, General happiness must be the biggest sin; on the contrary, a thing if you can give individual people suffering, that is evil. In accordance with the ethics, a great good first of all is the decency. The problem is that the theory into practice has yet to be immersed in a culture. United States scholar A? MacIntyre thinks, "this unique modern self is created, its creation ... Request a not always thaw penetration of diverse beliefs and concepts, as defined in the society "(78). To this end, a group of writers in the rejuvenation of the United Kingdom comedy, gradually constructing a 18 century United Kingdom drama of ethical egoism life. Sibley's "love's last shift (1696) through a return of the prodigal son of myth, vividly illustrated bourgeois marriage ethics; Stieltjes-lover of the conscious" vividly demonstrated Puritanism family ethics. The Sheridan's rival "(1775) showing the icy bourgeois love ethics, he's another masterpiece of the school for scandal" for love and marriage and family ethics formulated a set of rules. It is in this dramatic cultural platforms, brother Gerald Smith is wildly, through the epithet "the ethics of life on individualism, made a set of annotation. Play hero Hannibal Ukraine due to human responsive while the debt-ridden, crush his Miss LI qilan decided to secretly help him. She has a large heritage, but according to the father's will, she must marry guardian Crowe card son Leonid Ding, otherwise, would be half of the property between the guardian. However, Miss LI qilan know Leonid Miss Ding on Olivia love at first sight, decided to play along to accept this will finally let man repented of marriage to keep their entire property. Crowe Mr. forcing Leonid Ding to Miss LI Chelan, Hannibal Ukraine to help column en Ding and Olivia elopement opened a cheque, however, his cheques in town has been worthless, Olivia Miss cannot take place. At this point, Hannibal Ukraine also volunteered and Mr. Crowe together to catch "the arsonist", but inadvertently picked fast Leonid Ding and Olivia. Finally, Hannibal Ukraine committed to Miss LI qilan love right from wrong, encouraged by their sympathy to truly unfortunate. Criticism from the ethical point of view, the epithet "full of bulky moral content, while the author firstFirst inquiry is good and evil of this most fundamental questions of ethics. The play of Hannibal Ukraine each line of a charity, it was once the evil. He enthusiastically to a strangers do economic results of cheat, get away, but subject to imprisonment; he sincerely Ding and sponsored by Leonid Olivia secret marriage, but because their reputation ruined and delay their trip; he helped Mr. Crowe to seize "the arsonist", in the end it took hold of his friends; he represents the prodigal son Lo Te Miss to Le qilan courtship, almost bury lovers happy. The results of such one benevolent, making him lose the minimum right from wrong and dealing with the ethical standards, surrounded by the rogue 's, cheats for fraud, theft of the servant. To this end, the Chinese evaded afranio blindly, but said "the contradiction between the crime often own punished" (brother Gerald Smith 63). In the play, on the one hand, the author affirms that Hannibal Ukrainian generous good purposes to moral values, on the other hand, borrowed from the mouth of his own faith funny driving his vanity so evil de place. Chinese scholars NIE Jane Chiu in "ethical literary criticism: literary criticism method a new exploration", pointed out that the core of Western ethics is one of the "reveal the sacrifices and Christian moral hypocrisy" (23). In the play, deeply hypocritical morality of Hannibal and Ukraine after large awaken said: "I tried to please all vanity, people rejoice, for fear of offending anyone; I humble, echoing other stupid actions, for fear of being a fool's opposition" (brother Gerald Smith: 79). His uncle William pointed out, his error was "blind pursuit of praise people mistake" (brother Gerald Smith 77), his character was a guard "was interested but do not have the courage to reject the evil weak character" (brother Gerald Smith: 77). Finally, the representative of the author to speak out against William this evil, "vanity, Ah, you are a permanent liar! you trying to make people less bloated, it only makes people sick! your hypocrisy of color lead just like a painter, on the surface, it has the capacity to whitewash, but actually only would undermine its Tianxiang beauty" (brother Gerald Smith 47). Second, the content from the deep of the screenplay, the epithet "the great value of lies on 18th century European enlightenment of ethical and moral concepts of profound reflection. The European bourgeoisie in tremendous historic transition to unprecedented way with its own historical, moral unity shall by virtue of the European enlightenment established ethical mode to false has never been said rationality and freedom, equality and fraternity of ethics as a historical subject to widespread rational and scientific name digestion time and space. However, there are good reasons for this kind of ethical questioning the lawfulness of: the modern idea of the enlightenment tradition makes 18 century of Western culture, but also that it is facing an unprecedented crisis "rationality". This is because modern concepts and have not been able to achieve its ethical ideals, but the people in the social interaction of moral vision. Obviously, Hannibal Wu is the first moral of the believers, believe that "love is the first law of nature" (brother Gerald Smith 63). To this end, he throw his property, abandoned his feelings, or even to leave their homeland. In the play, the Christ-like love cannot give someone any help, but often become the cause of the disaster. By his conduct, the author tells us that just as the general good is not present, the so-called philanthropy both in theory and in practice are false. Hannibal-Ukrainian servant Jarvis criticized his master said: "he put his waste called generous, put him on all people of faith is called love" (brother Gerald Smith 5). The authors advocate William thinks: "friendship spread too widely do no good. we grace is like a drop of water, if spilled powder too broad, and disappeared. To love oneself person is not a liar is the fool "(brother Gerald Smith 43). Through this play, the authors strongly conduction an individualistic ethic information: BOAI beings such as Thai, Hannibal Ukrainian figure image already outdated, new age, model of living ethics should be to defend their rights and property of Miss LI Chelan, dares to column en Ding and Olivia, and even thought of Mr. Crowe. Third, the natural moral sentimentalism of Western ethics to external nature as large inner nature of the universe, as small as a small universe, think of the inherent nature of the universe is just great universe of exact copies of the external nature. Dominant in this view, people became a part of nature, natural nature is human nature, this is the famous theory of human nature. Affected by it, in the 18th century, France was a human author Rousseau unprecedented passion in praise of nature, the United Kingdom writer you have started for the capitalist civilization of modernity and integrated into sentimentalism. Sentimentalism often use idealized the beauty of nature to the ugly reality of social mapping to the quiet village of simplicity to negate the drawbacks of industrial society. Back in the early 18th century, the United Kingdom the drama began thinking about the relationship between man and nature, Koli �� Sibley's "she is willing and unwilling (1702), ladder, lover of the consciousness, Li Luo the London merchant (1731), Opera are metaphorical a suit fashion, showed a return to nature plain human nature. This cultural heritage, promoting brother Gerald Smith through the compromise of focus on the United Kingdom in the 18th century drama of natural ethics. The play of Mr. Jia Hao is a life of simple Squires, the Residence Inn is the perfect model of a currently. Its step-Tony vulgar ignorance, grotesque naughty. Responding to this, Mr. Hao's daughter Katie is very strict discipline, requiring her during the day can be dressed up, but the evening dress must be simple. When I go to Katie can talk about marriage on the marriage, Mr. Jia Hao will invite friend Charles �� Malo Malo, the son of jazz to country house. Katie's cousin nayville and Malo best friend Han Shi Ting is a pair of lovers, however its guardian, aunt Hao Ka SA Mrs. wanted her to marry Tawney, but Tony to marry betwa �� Miss Pan plug. Is late, Marlow and Han Shi Ting were lost in the countryside, to three pigeons Inn for directions, and friends in the pub binge of Tony guess their identity, they deliberately pointing them to the County's best "deer shop" to go to the guests. In hisFool, Marlow and Han Shi Ting drive straight into the "Inn" Mr. Jia Hao dictated to. See the included dressed Katie, Malo had the thought that she was an Inn at the bar, tavern, show sincere cute. At this point Malo Jazz move, Mr. Hao Michael told him of Malo, but fall in love with Hello Kitty saying he Marlow never to Miss Kitty that slight traces of Italy, Katie was in charge to meet Marlow. Who had previously because of the "Marlowe" and their status, fear not father and social identity and the conclusion of the marriage, decided to leave. Goodbye Italy who, he claimed that education, wealth, social differences are sufficient to become an obstacle to her medicine. Finally, the play of three young people have their dreams come true. As an amusing comedy, the customs of the compromise of a sweep of gas, scrape off to promote a close to nature, simplicity of life styles and moral ethics. To this end, the author stated, Mr. Michael by Hao and his conversation with the country's simple folk to bludgeon in town of exaggeration. Hao's thought wife had never been to London, but always pay attention to your hairstyle, clothes and age is in line with the trend; the encounter from Metropolitan to person keen to inquire about fashion trends. Therefore, her in conversation, complained that her husband not to go for a walk in the city, taking off the country life of rust taste, the result was the husband of fierce criticism: "I don't know London why can't own a fool to stay in the city. In my time, the city of folly in us slowly climb, but now it runs even faster than post car "(brother Gerald Smith, 4). Mr. Hao's youth had a passion for politics, then seeing their daily Affairs consistently and no improvement, so cynical, retiring from the countryside. His daughter Katie had stayed in town for two years, from the time of infection, but also comfortable, stylish, wore colorful silk, dressed quite well-dressed. To this end, the agreements reached between him and his daughter, Katie night must be put on the rustic housewives of denim clothes. There is no doubt that Mr. Hao Michael Kuan Marlow. However, first of all his thoughts not Malo handsome rather open-minded he simplicity. Mr. Michael in Hao, "simple must be followed by the coexistence of noble virtues" (brother Gerald Smith, 8). Marlow long lived in London, and grew up in college life, but to itself as an observer of life, and "frivolous and empty without rich real heart of the entertainment" (brother Gerald Smith, 30) out of tune, yearning for a natural and simple life. His shyness, essentially for the luxury of high society life of an escape, is putting on airs, vain English common failing of a rejection. For him, "Shu-ching's female, black and turquoise beads around the surrounding, is the most terrible thing" (brother Gerald Smith, 20). He was accustomed to bread, complaining that "France Ambassador of late dinner table with a greenish yellow dishes, that people don't know what to do" (brother Gerald Smith, 25). He thought that Mr. Jia Hao as he prepares dishes too big, and advocate for "two or three road clean refreshing dishes" (brother Gerald Smith, 25). He was away from the city's splendid bushy, rather to roads muddy, twists and turns, dangerous backwater to find friends, also demonstrated his potential on the simple life. In the face of the Katie, his sideways, just on the floor, but encounter frequently salute Inn Bar he tanxing Dafa. His disdain for wealth, so that he wants is the girl in "simple flat" tenderness "absolute innocence and consciousness of virtue" (brother Gerald Smith, 73). When he felt the bar on his health situation and his or her admittedly name, in order to avoid destroying her life, he decided to leave at once, never play with female character of simplicity. In addition, Mr. Hao's picking on Tony, Tony and his life is quite similar, but ethics form different. Tony's parent died, he was 1500 pounds per year with the purchase of heritage. Hao's thought his wife to his manifold doting, found him "and lovely, sweet, and beautiful" (brother Gerald Smith, etc.), could reach the "zero defects". Therefore, Tony's character from the uncut, "was his mother's apron with raised, spoiled" (brother Gerald Smith, 14), this kind of fancy education leads to Tony's vulgar naughty. He burned the valet's shoes, frighten the maid, bully and get a kitten, even the stepfather of wig tied to a Chair, made him up and knocked in when baldness fulino wife's face. However, Tony kindness, nature and kind, considerate, was a simple country boys. He believes that mothers not the plot nayville hosted in your own home, jewelry, steal out back to its rightful owners. He told me "wipe" paint Daubs nayville sneer, but on the "two black eyes like wild plum" (brother Gerald Smith, 36) included betwa �� Pan plug in my heart. The main character, we passed his impromptu sing the song "three pigeons can glimpse a Leopard". In song, Tony will be pedantic scholarly and strict discipline priest were denounced as fools, but in plain language and plenty of passion for singing, singing friendship, singing, singing birds, wine songs free of country life, showed a far away from urban civilization, basics of naturalism ethics. In the 18th century 70 's, Sheridan is brother Gerald Smith congenial a playwright. He's the school for scandal "on the one hand, pointedly ironic 18th century London upper unhealthy habits, set against a hypocritical, such as spreading rumours, as immoral; on the other hand also promote the return of ethics of human nature. Play hero Charles because the generosity, the ancestral tub, seem to be unreasonable. However, the nature of human nature is of the view that the nature of the rights of the most high is everyone should survive, humans only comprehend the nature of the Supreme Law and consistent with it, can guarantee true spiritual balance and well-being. To this end, everyone's actions were motivated by the necessity of his nature, each person has the right to decide, in accordance with the will of their own way of life. In the school for scandal, regardless of the behavior of Charles has a tendency to ignore, but his heart is pure, natural and simple, sincere, sticks, this book really lives realm in line with the principles of moral naturalism ethics. In short, the 18 century United Kingdom playwrights were off on people and natureDepartment of, greatly enriched the Western modern literature of natural ethics, which then forward on the path to the future of "wilderness" naturalism, "Earth ethics" and eco-socialism. Reference works �� Works Cited �� Dai Mau Church: the Western ethics law. Wuhan: s press, 2002. ��Dai Maotang. Western Ethics. Hubei Wuhan: People ' sPublishing House, 2002.] brother Gerald Smith: the courtship of the Golden �� knees, Mr kai, etc. Changsha, Hunan people's press, 1981. ��Goldsmith. The GoodNatur��d Man. She Stoops to Conquer.Trans. 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